定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有:when, where, why等。 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2)Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3)which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语) 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。 1)when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如: There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗? 2)that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如: His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 一、疑问句中考查定语从句 1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last week? A. where B. the one C. on which D. / 【解析】答案是D。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时,最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句,然后判断谁是先行词,再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分,最后确定正确答案。 二、倒装句中考查定语从句 2. We came to a place, ________ stood a big tower. A. which B. that C. / D. where 【解析】正确答案是D。为了保持句子平衡,句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊,因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句,应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序,这样句子结构就比较清晰了。 三、 拆分词组和固定搭配 3. The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food. A. of which B. where C. to do D. that 4. Why can’t you realize the part ________ they have played in our life? A. which B. on which C. when D. where 【解析】正确答案分别是D和A。一些词组和搭配被拆开后,句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组:make use of, play a part (in)。 四、添加插入语或状语 5. The scientist has made another discovery, _______ I believe is of great importance. A. that B. / C. which D. why 【解析】应选择C。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有:I think (suppose, expect, believe, imagine), in my opinion, to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时,最佳的办法是先删去插入语或状语,这样句子的主干部分就一目了然了。 五、插入非谓语动词 6. Is this the man ________ you want to have ________ the radio for me? A. who;repaired B. that;repaired C. whom;repairing D. that;repair 【解析】D项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一,因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如:我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原,还原后的句子应是:You want to have the man repair the radio for me.
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