悠悠小荷  发表于 2016-2-25 11:12:20| 2107 次查看 | 2 条回复

英语常用不规则动词大全

英语中有许多不规则动词,它们不能简单通过加ed来获得过去式,你知道的这些不规则动词有哪些呢?看看下面的不规则动词变化大全,查漏补缺吧!


★记忆法一:常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下:


一、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个)


cost—cost—cost
cut—cut—cut
hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt
let—let— let
put—put—put
read—read—read
set—set—set
shut—shut—shut


二、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。(共41个)


1过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。(3个)


bring—brought—brought

buy— bought—bought
think—thought—thought


2 词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。(4个)


build—built—built
lend—lent— lent
send—sent—sent
spend—spent— spent


3过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。(2个)


catch—caught—caught
teach—taught—taught


4把-eep变为-ept。(3个)


keep—kept—kept
sleep—slept—slept
sweep— swept—swept


5把-ell变为-old。(2个)


tell—told—told
sell—sold—sold


6过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。(4个)


smell—smelt—smelt
spell—spelt—spelt
feel—felt— felt
spill—spilt—spilt


7过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(3个)


learn—learnt—learnt
mean—meant—meant
spoil—spoilt—spoilt


8过去式、过去分词词尾是d。(4个)


say—said—said
pay—paid—paid
lay—laid—laid
hear—heard—heard


9改变元音字母。(11个)


meet—met—met
get—got—got
sit—sat—sat
find— found—found
hold—held—held
spit—spat—spat
shine— shone—shone
win—won—won
hang—hung—hung
dig— dug—dug
lose—lost—lost


10改变辅音字母。(1个)


make—made—made


11改变元、辅音字母。(4个)


leave—left—left
stand—stood—stood
have(has)— had—had
understand—understood—understood


三、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共35个)


1 i—a—u变化。(6个)


begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
sing— sang—sung
ring—rang—rung
swim—swam—swum
sink— sank—sunk


2 词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个)


blow—blew—blown
draw—drew—drawn
grow— grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown(show除外)


3 词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。(4个)(give,hide除外)


drive—drove—driven
write—wrote—written
ride— rode—ridden
rise—rose—risen


4 过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。(5个)


break—broke—broken
choose—chose—chosen
freeze—froze—frozen
speak—spoke—spoken
wake—woke— woken


5 过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(1个)


forget—forgot—forgotten


6 过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。(6个)


be—was(were)—been
eat—ate—eaten
fall—fell—fallen
give—gave—given
see—saw—seen
hide—hid—hidden(hid)


7 词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)


take—took—taken
mistake—mistook—mistaken


8 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)


do—did—done
fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
wear—wore—worn


四、A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。(1个)


beat—beat—beaten


五、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。(3个)


come—came—come
become—became—become
run— ran—run


六、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。(4个)


can—could
may—might
will—would
shall—should


★记忆法二:不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一类词。学生难学,老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。


一、 原形、过去式、过去分词相同:


cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut

(细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。)


二、 原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:


beat/beat/beaten


三、 原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:


come/came/come    become/became/become  run/ran/run

(come,become,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:welcomed,welcomed)


四、 过去式,过去分词相同:


(1) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e


meet/met/met       feed/fed/fed


(2) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t


feel/felt/felt        sleep/slept/slept
keep/kept/kept      sweep/swept/swept


(3) 词尾为的ll 去掉一个l加t


spell/spelt/spelt     smell/smelt/smelt  spill/spilt/spilt


(4) 过去式和过去分词以aught或 ought结尾


catch/caught/caught        teach/taught/taught  bring/brought/brought     

buy/bought/bought     think/thought/thought


(5) 将stand改为stood


stand/stood/stood      understand/understood/understood


(6) 将ay改为aid


lay/laid/laid       pay/paid/paid  say/said/said


(7) 将d改为t


lend/lent/lent             send/sent/sent

spend/spent/spent       build/built/built


(8) 将i改为a , o, u等


sit/sat/sat            spit/spat/spat   

dig/dug/dug    win/won/won


(9) 将ell改为old


tell/told/told          sell/sold/sold


(10) 词尾加t


learn/learnt/learnt      mean/meant/meant
dream/dreamt/dreamt   spoil/spoilt/spoilt


(11) 有两种过去式和过去分词, 一种是不规则的, 一种是规则的:


learn/learnt/learnt      learn/learned/learned

shine/shone/shone     shine/shined/shined

hang/hung/hung        hang/hanged/hanged

smell/smelt/smelt      smell/smelled/smelled

burn/burnt/burnt       burn/burned/burned

light/lii/lit            light/lighted/lighted


(12) 其它


have(has)/had/had    hear/heard/heard
shoot/shot/shot         lose/lost/lost
hold/held/held          get/got/got(AmE gotten)
find/found/found        make/made/made

leave/left/left


五、三者均不同:


(1) 过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾


blow/blew/blown          fly/flew/flown

grow/grew/grown          know/knew/known
throw/threw/thrown

值得注意的是:

show/showed/shown或showed       draw/drew/drawn


(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词


begin/began/begun        drink/drank/drunk

ring/rang/rung              sing/sang/sung

swim/swam/swum         sink/sank/sunk


(3)改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾


drive/drove/driven         write/wrote/written
rise/rose/risen              ride/rode/ridden


(4) 原形后加n变成过去分词


drive/drove/driven         rise/rose/risen   eat/ate/eaten      

give/gave/given       fall/fell/fallen


(5) 过去式后加n变成过去分词


break/broke/broken      choose/chose/chosen

freeze/froze/frozen      mistake/mistook/mistaken

steal/stole/stolen        speak/spoke/spoken  

take/took/taken         wake/woke/woken(或woke)


(6)其它


be/was或were/been       do/did/done        forget/forgot/forgotten     

go/went/gone            hide/hid/hidden            see/saw/seen   

wear/wore/worn


六、 有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。


wake/woke/woken (或woke) wake/waked/waked
sink/sank/sunk                 sink/sunk/sunken


七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:


shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词:
shone/shone照耀     shined/shined擦亮
hung/hung悬挂      hanged/hanged绞死


八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词


lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词)

lay放,下蛋laid/laid/laying

find 找到、发现find/found/found        

found 创建,成立 found/founded/founded


九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆


(一)词义相对:

(1) come/came/come来—— go/went/gone去

(2) give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmE gotten)获得

(3) sleep/slept/slept睡觉—wake/woke/woken (或woke)

或wake/waked/waked 醒来

(4) rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下

sink/sank/sunk    sink/sunk/sunken 沉下, (使)下沉

(5) buy/bought/bought买—— sell/sold/sold出售, 卖

(6) take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought 带来

(7) teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt

或learn/learned/learned学习、学会

(8) lose/lost/lost丢失、失败——find/found/found找到

win/won/won赢得、(获)胜

(9) stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐

(10) send/sent/sent 送、寄、发送——get/got/got获得、收到


(二)词义相近:


(1) beat/beat/beaten 打, 打败   win/won/won赢得、获胜

(2) understand/understood/understood 懂, 了解

know/knew/known 知道, 了解, 认识

(3) get/got/got(AmE gotten)变成、成为、变得

become/became/become 变成, 成为, 变得

go/went/gone变成turn/turned/turned变成

(4) spend/spent/spent 花费、度过

pay/paid/paid 支付、交纳

cost/cost/cost花费、价值为

take/took/taken花费

(5) say/said/said说、讲

speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲

tell/told/told 告诉、说、吩咐、断定

talk/talked/talked谈话, 讲, 谈论, 议论


★记忆法三:


1.无变化,过去式与原形相同。


let→let, put→put, hit→hit, must→must, set→set, beat→beat, cast→cast, cost→cost, cut→cut, hurt→hurt, read→red, shut→shut

(shed→shed split→split spread→spread burst→burst)


2.元音字母的变化。

i→a: begin→began, drink→drank, ring→rang, sing→sang, swim→swam, give→gave, sit→sat, sink→sank  

i→o: drive→drove, ride→rode, shine→shone, write→wrote, rise→rose, win→won,

(strive→strove arise→arose)

i→ou: find→found (wind→wound, bind→bound, grind→ground)

a→oo: take→took, shake→shook

e→o: get→got, forget→forgot

o→a: come→came, become→became

oo→o: shoot→shot, choose→chose


3.元音字母组合的变化。

aw/ow/y→ew:draw→drew, blow→blew, grow→grew, know→knew, throw→threw, fly→flew


4.元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。


(1) sell→sold, tell→told, retell→retold

(2) say→said, pay→paid, lay→laid, relay→relaid

(3) sweep→swept, keep→kept, sleep→slept, creep→crept

(4) bring→brought, buy→bought, think→thought, fight→fought

(5) catch→caught, teach→taught

(6) can→could, will→would, shall→should


5.辅音字母变化。


(1)build→built, send→sent, bend→bent, lend→lent, rend→rent, spend→spent

(2)make→made, have→had, hear→heard

(3)mean→meant, learn→learnt


太急燥了,要平心静气
alb760  评论于  2016-2-25 11:19:58
fennie88  评论于  2016-3-1 22:20:20
谢谢分享                       
为了孩子我爬我爬,咦~怎么总是没尽头呢!