新概念第一册第二册基础语法点一览
新概念二册语法总结 1.简单句的结构: 主语+谓语+宾语+状语(地点状语+方式状语+时间状语) 时间状语还可以放在句首 2.一般现在时,现在进行时感叹句:what+名词+主语+谓语,how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语 频度副词:位于主语和谓语之间,常见频度副词及其程度的深浅: always,often, usually, frequently, sometimes, hardly, rarely, seldom, never I alwaysbuy CDs on Sundays. 3.一般过去时直接宾语和间接宾语: 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务,也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。 He gives me a book. me间接宾语,a book直接宾语 直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for,to表示动作对谁而做, for表示动作为谁而做。 主语+及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语Give the book to me. Send aletter to him. I boughta coat for my mother. 4.冠词用法(一)1.不定冠词用于修饰单数可数名词,当一个单词的第一个发音为元音时要用冠词an, 如果是辅音用a即可。 2.不定冠词还可以用来修饰一类事物,有时候也可以省略: Acat is a lovely animal. Cat is a lovely animal. 3.不可数名词加冠词表示一类事物:Apple is a fruit. 4.如果特制某人,某物或上文提过的人或物时要用定冠词the 5.Some表示一些,可以修饰可数名词及不可数名词。 6.在姓名,城市,地名,过名,月份,节日,星期前不加冠词,季节前也一般不加,特指时加。 puton/take off/look for/look after/knock at/knock sth. off/knock off/knock%off/knock over/knock out 5.过去进行时,时间状语短语:在短语中动词后面的介词或副词叫小品词,有些小品词既可以紧跟在动词后面也可以跟在动词的宾语后面,而有些则只能紧跟着动词使用。 6. 形容词的比较级与最高级单音节词的比较级最高级: 直接加-er,-est: small-smaller, smallest 以e结尾的加-r,-st: large-larger, largest 以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i加-er, -est:busy-busier, busiest 重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个辅音字母再加-er, -est:big-bigger, biggest 以ow, er, le结尾的双音节词和个别单音节词也直接加-er, -est:narrow,common, clever, simple,polite, quiet… 多音节词及双音节词:more/less, most/lest不规则变化:good/bad/many/little/far… 少数单音节词也要通过加more/less, most/lest构成比较级和最高级:pleased, glad, tired,fond, 注意:形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the 不定代词的用法,如果不定代词做主语,谓语动词要用单数:Everyone is here. enter/enterfor 7.介词(表示时间) in: 表示一天中的某段时间:in the morning/afternoon/evening 表示月份/年份:in March, in 1990 表示季节:in spring/winter in+一段时间可以表示在一段时间之内也可以表示在一段时间之后,可以与现在时,过去时和将来时连用。 on: 表示星期:on Monday 表示具体日期:on June 1st 表示具体时间:on that day/that evening/on that night at: 表示确切时间:at 10 o’clock 表示用餐时间:at lunch time/teatime 表示其他时刻:at noon/night/midnight, at this time,during+一段时间,from…till,till/untill直,notany=no,语气更强 8. 被动语态:结构:be+过去分词 用法: 主语不清或不需要提及时 Iwas born in 1999. The apple was eaten. 强调不同的主语时,为了说明动作是谁做的,用by+动作执行者 Thepoliceman caught the thief. The thief was caught by the policeman. Be madein/be made of/be made from/be made by 双重名词所有格: oneof +形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+名词复数 单数名词+of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格 oneof my father’s friends/a friend of my father’s one of myfriends/a friend of mine one ofyour records/a record of yours 1.复习动词不定式做宾补的用法: want/help/ask/teach/advisesb. to do, 代词要用宾格形式 borrow/lend,salary/wages 2.一般将来时:be going to结构的用法 be+副词词组: beaway/be back/be out/be in/be over/be on/be up to sb./sth. setout=set off, set up=create 3.将来进行时:名词所有格: 如果名词复数以S结尾一般只加‘,如果名词是以S结尾的专有名词如人名,可以加’S, 也可以直接加‘,如:Keats’ work, the Johns’ house 名词所有格也可以用来表示无生命的 1.时间:today’s,new centry’s 2.国家,城市名词:the country’s, the city’s 3.机构组织:the station’s waiting room, the university’s library 4.车,船,用具: the car’s wheel, the computer’s harddisk 5.专有结构:at one’s wit’s end, 6.价值:tenpound’s worth of meat, 7.时间:intwenty minutes’ time 4.过去完成时:ask/ask for except/exceptfor/apart from whichof/neither of/both of/neither of 5.直接引语/间接引语(一)如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时,那么间接引语要做相应变化:时态,人称,时间地点及指示词 时态变化:一般现在时——一般过去时 现在进行时——过去进行时 一般过去时——过去完成时 现在完成时——过去完成时 一般将来时——过去将来时 begoing to——was/were going to/would can----------------could may---------------might 时间地点及指示词的变化:here—there, tomorrow—the next day, the following day,this—that… 人称变化:根据句意改变人称。Nervous/irritable Office/study/desk afford6.条件状语从句:主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时,有时为了强调“能够”,“必须”还可以用情态动词 police/policeman payattention to/care for/take care of remind/remember one/you可以指任何人: One must never tell lies. You must never tell lies. 7.情态动词:must/have to as作为介词,以…身份,与like相同 as作为连词,因为,正当。。。时候,以。。。方式,如同。。。那样 dress/suit/costume grow/growup 8.have用法give in, give away, give up, giveup beside/besides 9.can/could/may/might might as well表示“还是。。。的好”,“还不如。。。” Hewill never pass. He might as well give up. 10.动名词:动名词 1.动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时称为动名词。动名词可以做主语,标语,宾语,介词宾语定语(即复合名词) 2.动名词的几种形式: 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 3. 做主语: Findingwork is difficult now. WatchingTV is my favorite pastime. 4. 做表语: Mymain hobby is reading. One ofher duties is growing roses. My job isteaching. 5. 做宾语: Ilike taking with famous people. We enjoylearning English. Theflowers need watering. 6. 介词宾语: Heis fond of watching football matches. He wentaway without saying a word. 常用的一些加动名词的动词词组(注意总结):take part in, look forward to ,insist on, be interested in, 7. 做定语: waitingroom, swimming pool, washing machine, reading room, living room, drinkingfountain(引水机), parking slot… 8. 动名词的否定: 在动名词前面加not, I amsorry for not asking you. Interested/interesting,excited/exciting, amused/amusing
新概念第一册第二册基础语法点一览.doc
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