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三．问句： 一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句 1一般疑问句: 助动词/be动词+主语 Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea? 2特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 What is your name? 3选择疑问句: or Do you want beef or lamb? 4反意疑问句: 肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分，否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分 You don’t need that pen, do you? 5否定疑问句: 一般疑问句+否定词 Aren’t you lucky? Don’t you want have a rest? 四．冠词用法：a/an/the的一般用法 详细见笔记 五．限定词：some, any, many, much some, any 修饰可数名词或不可数名词，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句，注意，当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用many, much. I have a lot of money. I don’t have much money. 六．名词：种类，复数，名词所有格 1．名词分为可数名词和不可数名词 2不可数名词 无法分开的东西：water, tea, bread, milk, rice（米） 抽象的东西：love, beauty, coldness（寒冷） 不可数名词有以下特点： l不能用a, an修饰 2不能加s 3和单数be动词或动词搭配 可数名词： 单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化： 规则变化的名词复数形式 规则1 一般情况+s e.g. shell→shells book→books 规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches, bus→buses, watch→watches 规则3 以o结尾+s或+es e.g. potato→potatoes, Negro→Negroes, hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes，（口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿），剩下一般加s, radio→radios 规则4 以f, fe结尾的，变f, fe为ves e.g. life→lives half→halves, shelf→shelves, city→cities, wife→wives 规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. sky→skies fly→flies 不规则变化的名词复数形式 单数 man woman foot goose tooth 复数 men women feet geese teeth 单数 child sheep deer mouse fish 复数 children sheep deer mice fish 七．介词( 注意总结书上词组) 八．副词：用法及形容词变副词的变化 副词可以修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。如： The book is very good. He runs fast. She came here quite early. Certainly I will go with you. 变化： 1．直接在形容词后加-ly, careful-carefully, slow-slowly, 2．以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变I, 加-ly, happy-happily, lucky-luckily 3.有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化 fast, hard, late 4.有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远： neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately, 九．情态动词的使用：can, must, may, might, need, 1．情态动词can（能够）, must（必须）, may（可以） 结构：主语+can/must/may+动词原型 He can make the tea. Sally can air the room. We can speak English. ★变疑问句将情态动词移到句首 Can he make the tea? Can Sally air the room? Can we speak English? ★变否定句在情态动词后面加not He cannot make the tea. Sally cannot air the room. We cannot speak English. ★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, he can. No, he cannot. Yes, she can. No, she cannot. Yes, we can. No, we cannot. ★特殊疑问句： What can you do? (必背) 注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。 2．Must/have to的区别 must 表示必须，是主观上觉得应该做，have to是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做 must 只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何时态 3．must, may, might表示猜测： must do 表示对现在事实的猜测 must have done表示对过去事实的猜测 must have been doing 表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测 may/might do, may/might have done表示没有任何事实依据的猜测，might的可能性更小。 can’t/couldn’t 表示不可能 4．need 用法： 表示“需要”时为实意动词，后面可以加名词，也可以加不定式： I need a pen. Do you need any beer? No, I don’t. I need to have a rest. Need doing=need to be done，表示被动 The flowers need watering. Need在否定时做情态动词使用 You needn’t go so early. =You don’t need to go so early. Must I clean the desk right now? No, you needn’t. 十．不定代词及不定副词： Some any no every thing something anything nothing everything one someone anyone anything everyone where somewhere anywhere anywhere everywhere body somebody anybody nobody everybody I looked for my book everywhere, but I can’t find it anywhere. If you want go somewhere, if you want to be someone, you must wake up. Help! Somebody? Anybody? You are really something. Since everybody is here, let’s begin our class. Where did you go? I went nowhere. Nobody is at home. I have nothing left. 十一．感叹句： What +名词+主语+谓语 What a beautiful girl she is! How + 形容词+主语+谓语 How beautiful the girl is! 十二．祈使句： 第二人称： let+其他人称代词 祈使句的否定，加don’t 反意疑问 祈使句（第二人称） 祈使句表示请求，命令，建议，邀请等，谓语动词一律用原型，句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹好或者句号，用降调。 ★肯定句 动词原型 例， Come here, please. Go downstairs, please. Stand up. Sit down. Be quiet. Be careful. 祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或者句尾 Come in, Amy. Sit down here, Tom. Mary, give me a book please. ★否定：Don't+动词原型 Don't come here. Don’t sit down. Don’t stand up. Don’t give me it. let sb. do Let me pass. Let us have a rest. Let’s have a rest. (反意疑问)： Let’s have a walk along the river, shall we? Let us go out for a drink, will you? 十三．倒装句：so/neither的倒装eg. He can swim. So can I. I didn’t go to class. Neither did I. 结构： so/neither+be+ 主语 so/neither+助动词+ 主语 so/neither+情态动词+ 主语 一般现在时, do, does/am, is, are 现在进行时, am, is, are 一般过去时, did 现在完成时, have, has 一般将来时, will, shall, 过去进行时，was, were 过去完成时，had 过去将来时, would 家有小活宝，大活宝来报到！
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