有本书专门描述国外的阅读理解的,我先节选部分精华给大家看看:
关于低年级的阅读理解,最有效的提高方式是大量阅读。在没有条件提高阅读量的时候,有一些 技巧(reading comprehension strategies)是经过实证研究确实可行的,包括咱们从小练习的总结段落大意。最近十多年有很多辅助阅读的软件,包括AR,Raz-kids等等, 都应用了这些strategies的各种组合。我的个人意见是K到二年级的小朋友最好每天起码用20分钟读一两本书,然后做阅读理解题(一本magic school bus大约会有十道题),然后分析错题和为什么错,前后一共大约一小时。
美国中小学常用的reading comprehension strategies 有很多。这个单子是一个专门研究reading comprehension strategies的meta-analysis里用的,算比较完整。通常这些strategies是组合应用。比较著名的教学应用是reciprocal teaching(RT,[img]file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/[5UQ[BL(6~BS2JV6W%7DN6[%25S.png[/img]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_teaching)和 Concept-Oriented Reading Instruction(CORI,[img]file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/[5UQ[BL(6~BS2JV6W%7DN6[%25S.png[/img]http://www.cori.umd.edu/)。RT应用的是3,4,9,10,19,27的组合;CORI应用的是9,10,15,25,26,29,30的组合。
1-Analyzing and evaluating
2-Attending to graphics/pictures
3-Clarifying- word meaning
4-Clarifying- text understanding
6-Creating semantic/concept maps
7-Creating story maps
8-Drawing
9-Finding main ideas
10-Generating questions
11-Identifying author’s purpose
12-Identifying genre
13-Inferring unstated info
14-Monitoring- words/phrases
15-Monitoring- text comprehension
17-Monitoring- text coherence
18-Paraphrasing/retelling (own words)
19-Predicting
20-Previewing
21-Reading ahead
22-Reflecting and relating
23-Regulating reading speed
24-Rereading
25-Searching for information
26-Setting goal/purpose for reading
27-Summarizing
28-Taking notes
29-Using prior knowledge
30-Using external resources (e.g., dictionary)
31-Using social resources (asking for help)
32-Using text structure/headings/organization
33-Visualizing/mental imaging
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